Access pathways

50 regulatory frameworks governing patient access to specialty and unregistered medicines.

Named Patient Program (NPP)

The foundational pathway for providing individual patients access to drugs not yet registered in their country.

Compassionate Use

A regulatory pathway allowing seriously ill patients access to investigational or unregistered drugs.

Expanded Access Program (EAP)

Structured programs offering access to investigational drugs outside of clinical trials.

Right to Try

US federal legislation (2018) providing an alternative pathway to investigational drugs.

Managed Access Program

Manufacturer-operated access programs with structured eligibility and oversight.

Early Access to Medicines Scheme

UK MHRA's pathway for early access to promising unlicensed medicines.

Personal Import Scheme

Country-specific personal-use import pathways for unregistered drugs.

Special Access Scheme

Australia's TGA-operated pathway for unapproved therapeutic goods.

Section 21 (South Africa)

South Africa's SAHPRA pathway for access to unregistered medicines.

Section 29 (New Zealand)

New Zealand's Medsafe pathway for unapproved medicines.

Cohort Named Patient Program

Structured NPP for groups of patients sharing a common indication.

Physician-Initiated Access Request

Provider-driven request for access to unregistered or investigational drugs.

Hospital Exemption (EU)

EU pathway for hospital-specific advanced-therapy medicinal products.

ATU (France — nominative)

France's Authorization for Temporary Use, nominative form.

ATU (France — cohort)

France's Authorization for Temporary Use, cohort form.

Sonderzulassung (Germany)

Germany's special-authorization pathway for unapproved drugs.

Uso Compassivo (Italy)

Italy's compassionate-use pathway.

Uso Compasivo (Spain)

Spain's compassionate-use pathway.

GVHO-Pathway (Netherlands)

Netherlands' pathway for group or individual compassionate access.

Compassionate Use Nordic

Denmark / Sweden / Norway / Finland compassionate-use frameworks.

Individual Patient Supply (UK MHRA)

UK's MHRA individual-patient unlicensed-medicine supply.

Personal Use Import (FDA)

US FDA personal-use import framework for drugs abroad.

Hardship Program

Manufacturer program for patients without alternatives.

Single Patient IND

US FDA single-patient Investigational New Drug authorization.

Intermediate-Size Expanded Access

US FDA framework for groups of patients.

Treatment IND

US FDA treatment Investigational New Drug category.

Rule 36 India Import

India's personal-use import pathway under Rule 36 of D&C Rules.

Hospital Ethics Committee Approval

Institutional pathway requiring IEC or IRB approval.

Humanitarian Use Device

US FDA pathway for humanitarian-use devices and combination products.

Priority Review Voucher Program

Incentive program producing PRVs that accelerate review timelines.

Breakthrough Therapy Designation

FDA designation that accelerates development and review.

Accelerated Approval Program

FDA pathway for serious conditions using surrogate endpoints.

Orphan Drug Designation

Regulatory designation for drugs treating rare diseases.

Rare Pediatric Disease Designation

FDA designation for serious/life-threatening pediatric rare diseases.

Conditional Marketing Authorization (EMA)

EMA pathway for drugs addressing unmet medical need.

Marketing Authorization Under Exceptional Circumstances (EMA)

EMA pathway for drugs where comprehensive data is unobtainable.

PRIME (EMA)

EMA's PRIority MEdicines scheme.

Sakigake Designation (Japan)

Japan PMDA's breakthrough-equivalent designation.

Notice of Compliance with Conditions (Canada)

Health Canada's conditional approval pathway.

Project Orbis (FDA international)

Cross-border oncology review program.

Article 83 (EMA cohort compassionate)

EU legal framework for cohort compassionate-use programs.

Pre-approval Access Hub

Industry-standard framework for pre-approval access programs.

Hospital-Based Specialty Pharmacy Supply

Institutional supply channel for high-cost specialty drugs.

Cross-Border Prescription Coordination

Physician-to-physician coordination across borders.

Registry-Linked Access

Access tied to patient registry enrollment for real-world evidence.

Diagnostic-Linked Access

Access predicated on companion-diagnostic confirmation.

Pay-for-Performance Access

Outcomes-based pricing / access arrangements.

Pharmacy Compounding Exception

Compounding exceptions for drugs not commercially available.

Medical Tourism Access

Patients travelling to countries where drug is registered.

Named Patient Import via IOR

Importer-of-Record structures for cross-border NPP.

AI disclosure & medical review. Content on this page is reviewed by Reserve Meds's AI Pharmacist and AI Regulatory Counsel. A US-licensed human pharmacist (dispensed by Altima Care, license: {{PHARMACY_LICENSE_NO}}) reviews every prescription before dispensing. Regulatory posture is AI-summarized and not legal advice; case-specific questions route to retained outside counsel. Last medically reviewed: .
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